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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Pool frog

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<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>

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<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><br><a href="Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class=" taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibia</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Frog" title="Frog">Anura</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="True_frog" title="True frog">Ranidae</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<td><a href="Pelophylax" title="Pelophylax"><i>Pelophylax</i></a>

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<td>Species:

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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>P. lessonae</b></i></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Pelophylax lessonae</i></span></b><br><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Lorenzo_Camerano" title="Lorenzo Camerano">Camerano</a>, 1882)</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><i>Rana lessonae</i> <small>Camerano, 1882</small></li>

<li><i>Rana esculenta</i> <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><i>Rana lessonae</i> subsp. <i>pannonica</i> <small>Karaman, 1948</small></li>

<li><i>Hylarana lessonae</i> <small>(Camerano, 1882)</small></li>

<li><i>Rana esculenta</i> subsp. <i>lessonae</i> <small>Camerano, 1882</small></li>

<li><i>Rana esculenta</i> subsp. <i>bolkayi</i> <small>Fejérváry, 1909</small></li>

<li><i>Rana esculenta</i> subsp. <i>hungarica</i> <small>Toutain, 1966</small></li>

<li><i>Rana lessonae</i> subsp. <i>lessonae</i> <small>Camerano, 1882</small></li></ul>

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<p>The <b>pool frog</b> (<i><b>Pelophylax lessonae</b></i>) is a <a href="Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="Frog" title="Frog">frog</a> in the family <a href="Ranidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranidae">Ranidae</a>. Its <a href="Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> was chosen by the Italian <a href="Herpetology" title="Herpetology">herpetologist</a> <a href="Lorenzo_Camerano" title="Lorenzo Camerano">Lorenzo Camerano</a> in 1882, in order to honour his master <a href="Michele_Lessona" title="Michele Lessona">Michele Lessona</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>The pool frog is a small frog which rarely grows to more than 8 cm (3.1 in) long, although females can grow up to 9 cm (3.5 in). Males are typically around 5 cm (2.0 in) long, while females are around 6–6.5 cm (2.4–2.6 in) long. These frogs are brown or green, with dark blotches along their backs, a pair of ridges running from each eye and a cream or yellow stripe down the middle of the frog's back. The <a href="Vocal_sac" title="Vocal sac">vocal sacs</a> on the male are cream or even white.<sup id="cite_ref-froglife_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-froglife-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2></div>

<p>The pool frog is found across most of central Europe from the west coast of northern France to the Western part of Russia. There are also small populations of pool frogs in the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden and Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pool frogs were previously thought to be a non-native species in the UK, but studies have shown that English pool frogs are related to the Swedish and Norwegian populations.<sup id="cite_ref-froglife_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-froglife-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The pool frog is found in damp areas with dense vegetation, or in calm, slow flowing rivers, ponds, bogs or marshes.<sup id="cite_ref-froglife_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-froglife-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>According to <a href="Amphibiaweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibiaweb">Amphibiaweb</a> populations of this frog survive in urban areas and even fisheries. The creation of new ponds and other bodies of water leads to increased dispersal and a growth in the population of these frogs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pool_frogs_in_Britain">Pool frogs in Britain</h2></div>

<p><i>Pelophylax lessonae</i> is one of only four <a href="Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibian</a> <a href="Species" title="Species">species</a> recognized by the <a href="UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> government as protected under its <a href="Biodiversity_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiversity Action Plan">Biodiversity Action Plan</a>. The reasons for declining populations are decreased <a href="Pond" title="Pond">pond</a> habitat from <a href="Overpopulation_in_domestic_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Overpopulation in domestic animals">human encroachment</a> and also <a href="Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> leading to over-nitrification of pond waters.

</p><p>The pool frog has not always been recognised as a native British species. Part of the reason for this is that specimens are known to have been introduced from southern Europe (though not from Scandinavia). However research has now shown that the potentially native UK pool frogs are closely related to Scandinavian frogs, not to frogs from further south. A native origin is most likely.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Herpetological_Conservation_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpetological Conservation Trust">Herpetological Conservation Trust</a> website states that "The Pool Frog is a <a href="Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="Frog" title="Frog">frog</a> and was formerly recorded from two sites in <a href="East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> although it was lost from one of these in the middle of the 19th century. It was presumed extinct in the wild at the last remaining site by 1995. A single individual known from this population survived in captivity until 1999. Other populations have become established in the UK and it is known that some of these included individuals of British origin in their founding stock."

</p><p>An <a href="English_Nature" title="English Nature">English Nature</a> reintroduction project is underway in <a href="Breckland" title="Breckland">Breckland</a>, where pool frogs were introduced to a single site in 2005.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hybridogenesis">Hybridogenesis</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Hybridogenesis_in_water_frogs" title="Hybridogenesis in water frogs">Hybridogenesis in water frogs</a></div>

<p>The <a href="Edible_frog" title="Edible frog">edible frog</a> <i>Pelophylax</i> kl. <i>esculentus</i> is a hybridogenetic <a href="Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a> of the pool frog <i>Pelophylax lessonae</i> and the <a href="Marsh_frog" title="Marsh frog">marsh frog</a> <i>P. ridibundus</i>. Its populations are maintained however through other crossings by <a href="Edible_frog#Hybridogenesis" title="Edible frog">hybridogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Berger70_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berger70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apparently describing a specimen representing a <i>Pelophylax lessonae</i> × <i>Pelophylax ridibundus</i> hybridogen, not a true taxonomic synonym<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFIUCN_SSC_Amphibian_Specialist_Group.2022" class="citation journal cs1">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/58643/177068753">"<i>Pelophylax lessonae</i>"</a>. <i><a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2022</b>: e.T58643A177068753. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T58643A177068753.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T58643A177068753.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=665307">"<i>Rana esculenta</i> Linnaeus, 1758"</a>. <a href="Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=775190">"<i>Pelophylax lessonae</i> (Camerano, 1882)"</a>. <a href="Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-froglife-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-froglife_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-froglife_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-froglife_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.froglife.org/info-advice/amphibians-and-reptiles/pool-frog/">"Pool Frog"</a>. <i>www.froglife.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?where-scientific_name=Pelophylax+lessonae">"AmphibiaWeb - Pelophylax lessonae"</a>. <i>amphibiaweb.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBeebeeBuckleyEvansFoster2005" class="citation journal cs1">Beebee, Trevor J. C.; Buckley, John; Evans, Ivor; Foster, Jim P.; Gent, Antony H.; Gleed-Owen, Chris P.; Kelly, Geoffrey; Rowe, Graham; Snell, Charles; Wycherley, Julia T.; Zeisset, Inga (2005). "Neglected native or undesirable alien? Resolution of a conservation dilemma concerning the pool frog <i>Rana lessonae</i>". <i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i>. <b>14</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1607–</span>1626. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005BiCon..14.1607B">2005BiCon..14.1607B</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10531-004-0532-3">10.1007/s10531-004-0532-3</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Berger70-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berger70_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBerger,_L.1970" class="citation journal cs1">Berger, L. (1970). "Some characteristics of the crossess within <i>Rana esculenta</i> complex in postlarval development". <i>Annales Zoologici</i>. <b>27</b>: <span class="nowrap">374–</span>416.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/4143224.stm">BBC News article on the reintroduction</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051024000408/http://www.herpconstrust.org.uk/animals/pool_frog2.htm">Species page at the Herpetological Conservation Trust website</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vaw3OpTopcA">Movie with sound YouTube</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3636" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3636" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pelophylax lessonae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754058" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q754058">Q754058</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pelophylax_lessonae" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Pelophylax lessonae">Pelophylax lessonae</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="AmphibiaWeb" title="AmphibiaWeb">AmphibiaWeb</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiaweb.org/species/5077">5077</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Amphibian_Species_of_the_World" title="Amphibian Species of the World">ASW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Pelophylax/Pelophylax-lessonae">Pelophylax-lessonae</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id333">333</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PELXLE">PELXLE</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/316339">316339</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/135009">135009</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0020194823">NHMSYS0020194823</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/453/">453</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1035199">1035199</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Xeno-canto" title="Xeno-canto">Xeno-canto</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Pelophylax-lessonae">Pelophylax-lessonae</a></span></span></li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-08-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Pool_frog&oldid=1238047755">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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